... the proletarians (workers)
the scientific revolution lead to new machines and ways of doing things which would, in a way that is self-explanatory, lead to the industrial revolution.
The invention of the compass was an early piece of technology that helped explorers know where they were going when they were discovering new lands across the globe.
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Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell.