boooooy I tell you what -
Manifest Destiny was a 19th-century belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
They got all hyped up on coca cola and jolly ranchers and began moving out west fast as all heck. Firstly many believed God himself approved of their decision to expend westward ( you know how fierce religious beliefs were). Then you have to remember the impact gold can have on a mans mind, they heard bout gold in California and well the reasons added up to make it seem nearly criminal not to go. Those are just some of my reasons of how the belief in manifest destiny compounded the influence upon much of the american people. ( pardon some non-factual events )
The leaders which were key to the independence movement in South America were b) Simon Bolivar and d) Jose de San Martin. Jose de San Martin "was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire." Simon Bolivar was "a Venezuelan military and political leader who played an instrumental role in the establishment of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia as sovereign states, independent of Spanish rule."
He described the elliptical orbits of the planets.
China is the right answer
They believed the federal government should have power to create and collect taxes.