Answer:
1. Under command-and-control regulation, the government will sometimes specify the technology that firms must use in production. TRUE, e.g. currently the US government banned Huawei from providing 5G technology in the US due to security concerns even though that provides the best 5G technology in the world.
2. The government may decide on a specific amount of pollution that firms can legally emit. TRUE, the EPA sets the standards and companies must follow them, whether they are too high or too low maybe subject to an extensive debate.
3. A limitation of a command-and-control regulation is that firms have no incentive to remove pollution once they are within the legal pollution limits. TRUE, if the company is complying with current regulation, then that is all it needs to keep functioning without any problem.
4. Command and control situations are always the best option when it comes to reducing the amount of pollution. FALSE, when is the government or Congress the most efficient at doing something. Efficiency is not a characteristic of any government entity.
5. Command-and-control is more flexible than market-based regulation. FALSE, the terms command and control should give you an idea that government intervention can be anything but flexible.
6. A command-and-control regulation is subject to political considerations. TRUE, command and control regulation is set up by government agencies or Congress and both are political entities by definition. E.g. some governments impose harder environmental controls through the EPA, others impose softer or no controls at all.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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Answer:
d. The present value of perpetuity varies directly with the annual repayments.
Explanation:
A perpetuity is a security or bond which pays a fixed amount of cash flow at a fixed interval forever. So the amount it pays stays the same and it keeps paying for ever. The formula to find the present value of a perpetuity is
Cash flow of perpetuity/Interest Rate
So if the annual payment is 100 and the interest rate is 5% the present value of the annuity is
100/0.05=2,000
If we keep the interest rate the same at 5% and increase the cash flow by 100 to 200 the new present value of the perpetuity is
200/0.05=4,000
This proves that the present value of a perpetuity varies directly with the annual repayments or cash flow of perpetuity.
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