Did you spell your question right ?
Answer:
City-state, a political system consisting of an independent city having sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving as a centre and leader of political, economic, and cultural life.
(I don't know how it spreaded though, sorry :<)
Answer:
During the Middle Kingdom, quite a few advancements had occurred. The most interesting advancement that I read about was the emergence of Egyptian literature. The texts provide us with a firmer grasp on Egyptian life such as the social unrest, famine, and every day life. A variety of texts developed over this time period. Egyptian literature was not only used for entertainment in story form, but it was used for many other things such as coffin texts, instructions, and discourses. More Egyptians were able to write and read with the establishment of the first school during the 12th dynasty. Those who were in lower ranks may have been able to read as well because coffin texts were found in graves of private individuals and not just in the ones for the royal family, as pyramid texts were during the Old Kingdom.
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