The Great Depression was a period of unprecedented decline in economic activity. It is generally agreed to have occurred between 1929 and 1939. Although parts of the economy had begun to recover by 1936, high unemployment persisted until the Second World War.
<span>The 1920s witnessed an economic boom in the US (typified by Ford Motor cars, which made a car within the grasp of ordinary workers for the first time). Industrial output expanded very rapidly. Sales were often promoted through buying on credit. However, by early 1929, the steam had gone out of the economy and output was beginning to fall.The stock market had boomed to record levels. Price to earning ratios were above historical averages.The US Agricultural sector had been in recession for many more years<span>The UK economy had been experiencing deflation and high unemployment for much of the 1920s. This was mainly due to the cost of the first world war and attempting to rejoin the Gold standard at a pre world war 1 rate. This meant Sterling was overvalued causing lower exports and slower growth. The US tried to help the UK stay in the gold standard. That meant inflating the US economy, which contributed to the credit boom of the 1920s.
</span></span>During September and October a few firms posted disappointing results causing share prices to fall. On October 28th (Black Monday), the decline in prices turned into a crash has share prices fell 13%. Panic spread throughout the stock exchange as people sought to unload their shares. On Tuesday there was another collapse in prices known as 'Black Tuesday'. Although shares recovered a little in 1930, confidence had evaporated and problems spread to the rest of the financial system. Share prices would fall even more in 1932 as the depression deepened. By 1932, The stock market fell 89% from its September 1929 peak. It was at a level not seen since the nineteenth century.
<span>Falling share prices caused a collapse in confidence and consumer wealth. Spending fell and the decline in confidence precipitated a desire for savers to withdraw money from their banks.</span>
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The Open Door policy—first initiated in 1899, with a follow-up missive in 1900—was significant in its attempt by the United States to establish an international protocol of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and to support China's territorial and administrative integrity.
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The situation of the 60s - early 70s of the 18th century gives the impression that Britain deliberately provoked a colonial rebellion. The starting point of post-war tension growth was decree of 1763 on the Allegany-Cumberland line. It was followed in 1765 by a series of laws aimed at further economic strangulation of the colonies, in particular the Stamp Act, which introduced the five times taxation of all printed matter produced in the colonies and any legal documents drawn up on their territory.
The legislative initiatives of the mother country have become increasingly ominous. Thus, failure to comply with the Stamp Act threatened with the death penalty. De facto colonies were plunged into the atmosphere of medieval legal brutality.
In response, the Sons of Liverty extremist groups attacked British military and royal officials in the colonies. In parallel, a massive boycott of British goods began.
Such a decisive response caused confusion in London. In parliament, the voice of a few supporters of softening attitudes toward the colonies was finally heard. The internal struggle that took place in British political circles at that time was reflected by subsequent “zigzags” in their lawmaking. So, in 1766 the Stamp Act was canceled and the Sugar Act was softened, which retained the prohibition only on the import of rum into colonies. But in 1777, the Townshend Acts entered into force, introducing increased duties on imported tea, glass, paper, paints, and lead.
The Boston Massacre provoked a violent reaction. Riots spread to small towns and rural areas. The escalation of the conflict has a ‘sobering’ effect on the British Parliament. A gesture of reconciliation on its part was the abolition of the Townshend Acts, with one strange exception - the preservation of high duties on the import of tea. But such small concessions could no longer defuse the situation.
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