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Most of the time of the year, the sun is more or less overhead of the equator. This is why people living around the equatorial region observe the sun overhead across the year.
Explanation:
Therefore, the sun rays hit the equatorial region more or less perpendicularly, and the rays have a thinner atmosphere to travel through due to this angle.
Closer to the poles, the rays ‘hit’ the earth’s surface at an increasingly oblique angle and the rays have a longer atmosphere to travel (due to the spherical nature of the earth) hence losing most of its energy due to collisions with air molecules. This is why the sun fell less intense at the poles than at the equator.
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