Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:
Chlorophyll a- violet blue
Chlorophyll b - orange red
Carotenoids- green yellow
Explanation:
The three major plant pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Various pigments are identified by their specific pattern of wavelength absorption in the spectrum of visible light. Chlorophyll a absorbs light in the violet-blue region, while chlorophyll b absorbs orange-red light. Chlorophyll a and b reflects or transmits green light hence they appear green. Carotenoids absorb light in the green - yellow region hence they reflect longer yellow, red, and orange light.
Answer:
Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions in living cells.
Explanation:
An enzyme is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell. The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over.
Answer:
carbohydrates
Explanation: its protein and fats for us
Invasive species reduce biodiversity levels, create a nuisance, cause economic loss, and disrupt ecosystem equilibrium.
<h3>Effects of invasive species</h3>
- Invasive species tend to drive away or kill native species.
- Invasive species reduce the overall biodiversity of plants or animals in the ecosystem.
- They cause economic loss through the loss of important native species.
- They create nuisance in the environment and may be costly to get rid of.
- They affect ecosystem equilibrium by causing species change.
- They are usually difficult to manage.
More on invasive species can be found here: brainly.com/question/21452505
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