<u>Answer:</u>
American leaders called for the replacement of the Articles of Confederation because it made the central government too weak.
Option: (d)
<u>Explanation:
</u>
- The Articles of Confederation had to be withdrawn and replaced with a Constitution because they dispensed too much of power and authority to the states and left the President to serve as a nominal head.
- The leaderships of states being too strong and free to form their own laws started behaving like independent entities.
- This ultimately created a threat to the unity of the nation.
- Moreover, many state leaders proposed that the federal government should get to exercise command over the state governments in order to secure broad and large national interests.
The first encounter between Francisco Pizarro and his advancing Spanish army and the Inca ruler Atahuallpa took place in Cajamarca, and Jared Diamond addresses it in Guns, Germs, and Steel.
According to Diamonds, the Europeans were the first to have firearms, germs, and steel due to their geographic location and historical background, allowing them to conquer other less advanced civilizations.
The element of surprise was on the side of the Spanish. The Incas had no reason to believe the Spanish would be so treasonous. The Native Americans had no defense against the Spanish's use of European-style weapons like firearms.
The Spaniards start off by ambushing the Incas, discharging their weapons, and emerging on horseback from hiding. The conquistadors attacked the Incas with their swords as they rode because they were trembling and looking rather than holding their ground.
If the Incas had stood their ground against the cavalry, they might have defeated them by sheer numbers if they had more knowledge of this kind of combat.
To learn more about Jared Diamonds refer to:
brainly.com/question/17238702
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The first is the power<span> to tax and to spend the money raised by taxes, to provide for the nation's defense and general welfare. This section was supplemented by the 16th amendment, which permitted </span>Congress<span> to levy an income tax.</span>
