D, convection. It causes less dense material to rise and denser material to sink.
Answer:
Mitochondria, just like bacteria, contain circular DNA, while human cells have linear DNA. Some mitochondrial genes are also identical or similar to bacterial DNA genes.
Explanation:
Bacteria, mitochondria grow in size, duplicate their DNA and other structures, and then divide into two identical organelles.
I would go for C. Accuracy is the best one if you have the right information then your numbers should be right
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-C
Explanation:
The rhythm of the heartbeat is controlled by the pacemaker of the heart called the sino-atrial node.
The SA node generates action potentials which trigger the contraction and relaxation of the atrium and ventricles. The membrane potential generation initiates by the depolarization of the cell membrane when the L type of Ca⁺² ions opens up and calcium ions enter the cell.
This depolarizes the cell until the potential threshold is reached which lies between the -40 and -30 mV.
Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
NADH and FADH2 are both electron carriers of the electron transport chain. NADH gives up its electrons starting from Complex I, which has a higher energy level compared to other complexes. Energy is given off to pump protons across the membrane by the time electrons are transferred to ComplexIII. More electrons are pumped across the membrane as electrons move to Complex IV. Because NADH commenced giving up its electrons from Complex I (higher energy level complex), more protons are pumped across the membrane gradient, which enables ATP synthase with more power to produce 3ATP molecules per NADH molecule.
On the other hand, 2 molecules of ATP are generated by FADH2 because it starts by giving up its electrons to ComplexII. It missed a chance to pump protons across the membrane when it passed Complex I. By the time the electrons reach Complex IV, less protons have been pumped. The lesser the protons to power ATP synthase, the lesser the ATP molecules produced.
