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MAVERICK [17]
3 years ago
12

I’ll mark brainliest pls help ❤️

Biology
1 answer:
arsen [322]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

1. Radiometric dating

2. Relative dating is used to determine the age of fossils or rock layers by by comparing it to similar rocks and fossils of known ages.

3. The youngest rock layers are at the top and the oldest are at the bottom, which is according to the law of superposition.

4. Tribolite and Pecten fossils

Fossils are used to determine the ages of rock layers. Index fossils are the most useful in determining relative aging. Index fossils are of organisms that lived for a short period of time. An index fossil allows a scientist to determine the age of the rock it is in. So if they are found in a particular age, it means they belong in that age.

5. Scientists commonly use radioactive dating methods by using radioactive decay cloak of certain elements such as potassium or carbon to date fossils or rocks.

6. Law of superposition because in terms of finding the age of the rock as an object, all that needs to be identified are the layers of the rock.

7. The nuclear decay of radioactive elements are a process that behaves in a clock-like fashion which makes it a useful tool for determining the exact age of fossils or rocks.

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Minerals have a crystal structure, yet, crystals are relatively rare. What are the reasons for this?
Licemer1 [7]

Answer:

What are relatively rare are crystals of a size visible to the naked eye, and also showing most of the faces that reveal the internal symmetry of their atomic pattern.

Explanation:

Being crystalline, i.e. having a regularly repeated three-dimensional atomic pattern, does not mean that a mineral necessarily formed under conditions where it could nucleate (i.e. assemble as the tiny cluster of atoms that is the “seed” of a single crystal) and keep growing large flat faces until a regular shape becomes visible to the observer.

To a crystallographer who can seek proof of internal atomic order by X-ray diffraction, the actual size of a solid made of highly ordered matter is irrelevant. Specific techniques (variants of X-ray diffraction methods, or polarizing microscopy) can reveal that a solid material is made of a single crystal (i.e. a uniform atomic pattern is repeated in the same orientation anywhere throughout the solid) or consists of many crystals (the same pattern occurs, but it is oriented differently in what are considered individual crystals regardless of their individual shape or size).

For precision, a crystallographer or a mineralogist will use terms such as “monocrystalline” (the atomic pattern has a single orientation throughout the entire specimen, regardless of shape and size) and “polycrystalline” (the specimen is an aggregate, or collection, of “domains” or “grains” in which the atomic pattern is in an orientation different from its neighbours).

A perfect single crystal of quartz, broken in several chunks, doesn’t lose its internal atomic pattern, only its external “habit” (the overall shape imparted by the flat faces that grew, layer by layer, along directions controlled by the rate of addition to the atomic pattern). Each individual broken chip of quartz is considered “monocrystalline” by the mineralogist, even if none ofo them is the whole original crystal.

Most igneous and metamorphic rocks are polycrystalline, i.e. entirely made of crystals, often tightly packed and interlocked. You may discern individual grains mostly when light reflects off surfaces exposed by breaking along preferred directions within some minerals, or because grains from different minerals contrast in colour or luster. Few of the grains will have a regular geometric shape, despite each one being a single crystal. In the case of an igneous rock, some of the well-formed crystal are typically minerals who grew early from the still-liquid magma. Most of the other minerals simply filled the remaining space. If an igneous magma was “gassy” or “watery”, those volatiles may have remained trapped in the last stages of crystallization and formed late pockets in which a few crystals of exceptional quality grew from the remaining dilute magma and had the space needed to fully develop perfect faces. In many rocks, it is later fractures that provided an “open space” in which crystals could grow larger and with well-developed faces from hydrothermal fluids (overheated ion-rich waters), for the future delight of collectors.

3 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between population and organism?
Ostrovityanka [42]

An organism describes an individual. You are an organism. I am an organism. The mosquito that flies by your window is an organism. An organism is a single, living thing and can be an animal, a plant, or a fungus. Organisms grow and respond to their environment.

A population is the term we use to describe multiple individuals or organisms of a single species that live within a particular geographic area. For example, there may be one population of painted turtles in one state and another population of painted turtles 250 miles away in another state.

3 0
3 years ago
which one of these is not an example of intracellular communication A. control of cell division B. Molecule in a cell changes fu
Firlakuza [10]
I think its D. but I'm not sure
The reason being is it's a prosses that doesn't require the "help" or "cooperation" of other cells and it only effects the one cell.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
PLZ HURRY NOWWW!!!! Compare primitive communities to climax communities.
Pavel [41]

Answer:

Hey, dont worry.

Explanation:

Climax communities are composed of a large variety of complex organisms. Climax communities are stable.

8 0
3 years ago
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How do cells release <br> Energy in the process of cellular respiration
White raven [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

There are two types of respiration:

1. Aerobic respiration  

2. Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration

It is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen to yield large amount of energy. Water and carbon dioxide are also produced as a byproduct.

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

It is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the absence of oxygen and produce small amount of energy. Alcohol or lactic acid and carbon dioxide are also produced as byproducts.  

Glucose→ lactic acid/alcohol + 2ATP + carbon dioxide

This process use respiratory electron transport chain as electron acceptor instead of oxygen. It is mostly occur in prokaryotes. Its main advantage is that it produce energy (ATP) very quickly as compared to aerobic respiration

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3 years ago
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