During Jackson's time, the common white man was giving the right to vote. During reconstruction ( the period after the civil war ) voting could no longer be denied on race or color because of the 15 the amendment, but still only applied to men. Women got the right to vote with the 19th amendment in 1920.
Mostly it was exhaustion, lack of supplies, new diseases (and old disease that became more common.) Also cold weather, bandits, and oxen dying on the trip.
The British pushed the Aborigines to the Outback, tried to make them accept the conquerors' religion, language, and customs.
