That the Schlieffen plan failed, The French were unable to defeat the Germans completely at the Battle of the Marne.
The most likely reason for women to become heads of state is the general progress in gender equality, which slowly introduced women to position of moderate power (parliament), which prepared ground for their position as a head of state.
Muckraking journalism involves writing about crime and corruption in government and in industry. A journalist who engage in muckraking journalism is called a muckraker. This type of journalism bring important social issues to light. According to Steffen, the major purpose of muckraking journalism is to expose and reform corruption in politics.