Answer:
This question should be like which one of the following types of communication is not correctly paired with a substrate that usually uses that method of communication?
As this question contains many options that are correct so we can not chose one. I will provide answer and then its explanation.
The correct answers are following:
A. cortisol - endocrine
B. acetylcholine - autocrine
C. cytokines - synaptic
E. glycine - direct cell-cell contact
Explanation:
Answer: A. cortisol - endocrine
Explanation: There is a research paper in which they said that cortisol is a stress hormone which is released in endocrine system. This trigger the fight and flight response of system.
Reference: Breen, K. M., Billings, H. J., Wagenmaker, E. R., Wessinger, E. W., & Karsch, F. J. (2005). Endocrine basis for disruptive effects of cortisol on preovulatory events. Endocrinology, 146(4), 2107-2115.
Answer: B. acetylcholine - autocrine
Explanation: A research paper published in 2004 in which they demonstrated that Acetylcholine is released from autocrine system and help in signalling and communication.
Reference: Proskocil, B. J., Sekhon, H. S., Jia, Y., Savchenko, V., Blakely, R. D., Lindstrom, J., & Spindel, E. R. (2004). Acetylcholine is an autocrine or paracrine hormone synthesized and secreted by airway bronchial epithelial cells. Endocrinology, 145(5), 2498-2506.
Answer: C. cytokines - synaptic
Explanation: Francesca Romana Rizzo et al (2018) proved prof that cytokines are associated proper brain functions and neural synapse communication.
Reference: Rizzo, F. R., Musella, A., De Vito, F., Fresegna, D., Bullitta, S., Vanni, V., & Centonze, D. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1β modulate synaptic plasticity during neuroinflammation. Neural plasticity, 2018.
Answer E. glycine - direct cell-cell contact
Explanation: It is proved that glycine is a neurotransmitter that carryout cell to cell contact communication through neurons.
Reference: Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Signaling Molecules and Their Receptors.
