The name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane is ATP synthase.
ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is classified under ligases as it changes ADP by the formation of P-O bond (phosphodiester bond). ATP synthase is a molecular machine.
The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:
ADP + Pi + 2H+(out) ⇌ ATP + H2O + 2H+(in)
The formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma.
Learn more about inner mitochondrial membrane here:
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Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of localization of function.
Localization of function is an idea used in neuroscience. It refers to the idea that functions can be attributed to specific regions of the brain (different brain areas are specialized for different functions).
As discussed in Unit 10 of The Physics Classroom Tutorial, electromagnetic waves are waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum. Unlike mechanical waves that require a medium in order to transport their energy, electromagnetic waves are capable of transporting energy through the vacuum of outer space. Electromagnetic waves are produced by a vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and a magnetic component. The precise nature of such electromagnetic waves is not discussed in The Physics Classroom Tutorial. Nonetheless, there are a variety of statements that can be made about such waves.
Answer:
D. Nitrogen-14 has 7 electrons, 7 protons, 7 neutrons nitrogen-15 has 7 electrons, 7 protons, and 8 neutrons
Explanation:
In an atom, number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. And the number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number of the atom and the atomic number. For Nitrogen 14, electron is 7, proton is also 7 as number of electrons and number of protons are equal. So, the neutron will be 14-7= 7. For Nitrogen 15, electron number is 7 so proton number will be also 7. Neutron number for nitrogen 15 will be 15-7= 8. That's why the answer is option number 4.