Urbanization
Before the Crusades, life in Europe was centered on estates
and feudalism, when the holy war began it shifted to prioritize trade and
commerce in order to fund the war. This led to inflation of prices but overall
increased the quality of life.
Guilds
Towns were formed as trade and commerce became a feasible
form of livelihood. As the holy war went on, it became apparent that there was
much to gain as people had more access to other societies. This in turn led to
the forming of Guilds that standardized and regulated the trade practice
The Middle Class
Lending and borrowing in order to
finance the trades and commerce stimulated the financial system which led to
the formation of the first credit institutions. A new ‘middle class’ emerged as
the result of this growth of the European economy.
Division of labor
Not so much as a ‘division’ but the formulation of new ones-
the nobility had to sell their lands and personal belongings which benefitted lower
and middle class. Peasants now experienced a higher demand for their products and
the new middle class became tradesmen, financers and transportation providers.
Money/weights/measure systems
With the rise of new classes, there
was a shift in the redistribution of wealth- the economic power of the Church
shifted to the tradesmen and merchants. The emerging importance of trade and commerce
resulted in the standardization of money, weights and the measuring system.
Usury
People began to sell their lands and belongings as a way to
finance the cost of joining the Crusade, and most of the time, this wasn’t
enough. They turned to Churches which were obligated to provide loans without
interest due to Usury policies. This significantly decreased their wealth of
which they had to share with other Crusaders.
Explanation:
Via the confirmation process, voters will oust politicians from office.
Wasn't at the national level, nor at the state level. The government departments. Power is split between the political, administrative and legislative assemblies.
Answer:
George W. Bush - US PRESIDENT FROM 2001-2009
Goerge Bush had sad and hard childhood. Her sister died at young age. Bush attended Sam Houston Elementary School in Midland and moved to Houston with his family in 1959, where he attended the private Kinkaid School. He spent his high school years at Phillips Academy Andover, in Andover, Massachusetts, which his father had also attended. It was a family tradition and a privilege to attend a school such as Andover, but it was not without drawbacks; life at the exclusive school was regimented, academically rigorous, cold, snowy, and devoid of female students. Bush learned to be self-sufficient but initially struggled in his studies. He received a zero on his first written assignment at the Academy, overutilizing Roget’s Thesaurus in order to boost his vocabulary.
Ruling the Byzantine Empire and providing the "bubonic plaque" or "Justinian's plaque".
