Answer No 1:
The correct option is A) point mutation
Explanation no 1:
Any changes which occur in the genome are known as mutations. Mutations can be natural or induced. There are different types of mutations. A mutation in which a change in just a single nucleotide occurs is known as a point mutation.
In the DNA strand shown, a single guanine is being replaced by adenine. Hence, this change shows that it is a point mutation.
Answer No 2:
The correct option is D) translation
Explanation No 2:
The process by which a mRNA is formed from DNA is termed as transcription. The formation of proteins from mRNA is termed as translation.
The process illustrated in the diagram shows translation. This process occurs in the ribosomes as ribosomes are the protein manufacturing units of a cell. The tRNA brings complementary nucleotides which pair with the mRNA and form amino acids.
Answer No 3:
The correct option is A) DNA contains the information used to make proteins.
Explanation no 3:
The DNA of an organism contains the coding regions as well as non-coding regions. The coding regions get transcribed into mRNA and the mRNA formed gets translated into proteins. Hence, a knowledge about the human genome will let us know which proteins are formed by which type of codes.
This will help scientists to understand disease by checking the alternation in the sequence for a disease which resulted in the formation of a defective protein.
