In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that rail companies D. states could not restrict trade within their jurisdictions.
Under the constitution, rail companies have the electricity to make all laws that shall be vital and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. Aaron Ogden was given permission to function his steamboats in the big apple. Thomas Gibbons changed and allowed to function his steamboats in the big apple.
The ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden asserted Congress's authority to adjust interstate trade on the idea of the Supremacy Clause. It set a precedent that Congress had the strength to overturn country rules if interstate commerce were worried.
The case introduced mild the problem of the trade Clause of the united states charter. It changed into a question of whether or not Congress ought to adjust positive factors of trade. It averted states from establishing similar monopolistic rail companies' legal guidelines, encouraging an increase in steamboat journey and cargo delivery. This increased change opportunities between states, boosting states' economies.
Learn more about rail companies here:-brainly.com/question/11433327
#SPJ4
Answer:
Part a
Contribution Margin = 29.95% (2 d.p)
Part b
Billing Company
CVP Income for as at September 2017
Total Per Unit
$ $
Sales 295704 444
Less Variable Costs (138084) (311)
Contribution 157620 133
Fixed Costs (59850) 89.86
Net Income 97770 43.14
Part c
Billing`s break even point is 450 units
Part d
Billing Company
CVP Income for as at September 2017 - Break Even Point
Total Per Unit
$ $
Sales 199800 444
Less Variable Costs (139950) (311)
Contribution 59850 133
Fixed Costs (59850) 133
Net Income 0 0
Explanation:
Part a
Contribution Margin = Contribution/Sales × 100
Therefore contribution margin is ($444-$311)/$444 * 100 = 29.95% (2 d.p)
Part b
Sales - Variable Cost = Contribution
Net Income = Contribution - Total Fixed Costs
Part c
Break Even Point is when Billings neither makers a profit or loss.
Break Even Point ( Units) = Total Fixed Cost/Contribution per unit
Therefore Break Even Point (Units) = $59850/$133 = 450 units
Part d
The total and unit CVP should neither reflect a profit or loss at a capacity of 450 units as this is the break even point. In this case profit = nill
