Kipling is pro colonialism. He thinks that colonialism is important for the empire.
The tea act was created because the East India Company's tea wasn't being bought and was losing money. The East India Company made England money so England took the tax on tea off from theirs while other merchants who sold tea still had to pay tax. This allowed the East India Company to sell their tea for less and got more people to but their tea. This angered Patriots because they still had no say in government and everyone else still had to pay the tax for tea which made less people buy the regular tea because it would cost more.
The French Revolution and the American Revolution were almost direct results of Enlightenment thinking. The idea that society is a social contract between the government and the governed stemmed from the Enlightenment as well
The Germans attacked France in their blitzkrieg attack.
A "divine right" refers to a right that people people has been passed onto them from God, and cannot be interfered with my laws made by humans. These could include "free speech", freedom from tyranny, etc.
