Answer:
notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-an4l tail
Explanation:
had to censor second to last word but the 4 is an a
Answer: The option that contributes to the ease of transmission is 2 ( Low infectious dose).
Explanation:
Giardiasis is an infection that affects the intestine which is caused by a parasite known as giardia intestinalis. The giardiasis surveillance data recorded by the CDC, was done to educate public health practitioners and health-care providers about the scope and magnitude of giardiasis. It also provided different route through which the parasite can be transmitted to uninfected individual and these include:
--> Waterborne transmission: In this route of transmission, an individual becomes infected when they drink contaminated water from recreational water(pools) or streams.
--> Foodborne transmission: In this route of transmission, an individual becomes infected when they eat contaminated uncooked foods or foods that become contaminated after cooking.
--> Person to person: in this route of transmission, a healthy individual becomes infected through ianal sex practice.
The LOW INFECTIOUS DOSE of the parasite contributes to the ease at which transmission occurs through the above mentioned routes. The parasite has a two stage life cycle, the trophozoite and cyst. Ingestion of as few as 10 cysts can lead to giardiasis Infection.
Answer:
In general, your body fights disease by keeping things out of your body that are foreign. Your primary defense against pathogenic germs are physical barriers like your skin. You also produce pathogen-destroying chemicals, like lysozyme, found on parts of your body without skin, including your tears and mucus membranes. In response to infection, your immune system springs into action. White blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the foreign invader. The immune system has a vital role: It protects your body from harmful substances, germs and cell changes that could make you ill. It is made up of various organs, cells and proteins.
Once infected cells have sensed an invading pathogen, they secrete molecules called cytokines and chemokines. These cells are then primed to resist an infection with the invading virus. Cytokines such as interferons activate anti-viral genes in the infected and neighbouring cells.
Microorganisms capable of causing disease—or pathogens—usually enter our bodies through the eyes, mouth, nose, or urogenital openings, or through wounds or bites that breach the skin barrier. Organisms can spread, or be transmitted, by several routes.
The second line of defense is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals: Phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into body tissues. For example macrophages are cells derived from monocytes (a type of white blood cell).
If pathogens do manage to enter the body, the body's second line of defense attacks them. The second line of defense includes inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever.