Answer:
Option-C
Explanation:
The oxygen revolution refers to the increasing concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere around 2.3-2.4 billion years ago.
The studies have suggested that before the oxygen revolution the Earth's atmosphere was full of the hydrogen sulfide and methane gas in which the anoxygenic prokaryotes were evolving.
The cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria evolved the photosynthetic pigments which performed the experiment and oxygen gas was produced as a by-product.
With time this oxygen got accumulated in the atmosphere and the oceans and became one of the factors of anaerobic prokaryotic, the condition which they cannot escape. Later the oxygen producing prokaryotes evolved and formed the first eukaryotes.
Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
<h2>Pentose phosphate pathway</h2>
Explanation:
- Ten days after an injury, there is still cellular and tissue repair going on. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase are two enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway which are also found in abundance in neutrophils and macrophages. These phagocytic cells of the immune system utilize NADPH to generate superoxide radicals from molecular oxygen, which are used to kill the pathogens or damaged cells they have ingested. The great rise in these two enzymes could be coming from these immune cells as they are cleaning up the damaged tissue.
- Additionally, these immune cells use these two enzymes to produce NADPH, which can be used to counterbalance oxidative stress via the action of the glutathione system. Injured tissue can cause oxidative stress and increase the need for action from the glutathione system.
- The glycolytic enzyme activity would be decreased as some of the glucose is shunted to the pentose phosphate pathway to favor tissue repair over the ATP generation which comes from the glycolytic pathway reactions.
Telophase the chromosomes are relaxed.
I'll give some help
if u know Country's it will be easier and if u know how the Country looks like it will make sense. Basically just read the bottom paragraph and it will make sense.
