There were many utopian communities in the USA in the 19th century.
They were attempts to have a perfect society, where people could live peaceful lives.
They were not based on government institutions, neither were they dominated by immigrants. They were mostly created by American citizens, instead.
The third option is the most accurate, for they were based on European customs, following their style of farming, they were usually very religious, and lived a very similar life to their European counterparts.
