Answer:
rough
Explanation:
On a range of critical measures, African Americans are reported to show comparatively poor physical, psychological, and social health outcomes. Whereas African Americans share a similar life expectancy to White Americans (75.3 vs. 78.8 years; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012), their quality of life is significantly lower as manifest in rates of physical health. For example, the rate of diabetes is higher among adult African Americans at 11.3% compared with White Americans at 6.8%, the incidence of hypertension is 41.3% compared with White Americans 28.6%, the rate of premature death from heart disease is higher among African Americans than White Americans (65.5 vs. 43.2 per 100,000 persons), and rates of prostate cancer are 208.7 and 123.0 per 100,000 persons in African Americans and White Americans, respectively (American heart Association, 2007; Beckles & Chou, 2013; CDC, 2013; Di Pietro, Chornokur, Kumar, Davis, & Park, 2016; Graham, 2015; Thorpe et al., 2014).
At the psychological level, Sternthal, Slopen, and Williams (2011) reported that African Americans show significantly higher stress in a range of life domains (acute life events, financial, relationship, life, and job discrimination) and these were predictive of depressive symptoms, poor self-rated health, functional physical limitations and chronic illness. In another study, Williams et al. (2007) found self-reported ratings of poor mental health were significantly higher among Black Americans; among persons suffering major depressive disorder, 57% of Black Americans experienced chronic depression with more acute symptoms compared with a rate of 39% among Whites.
