Its B, Because, Present perfect progressive is when you say this, jake has been playing. Past is definitely not, and if past is not it than d wouldnt be it.
Jonathan Swift to improve the narrator's reliability in the above passage is to Provide more description of Mr James Bates, both his appearance and personality. Thus, option "D" is correct.
<h3> How do the Lilliputians transport Gulliver to their metropolis?</h3>
The first place that Gulliver visits in his journey is Lilliput. After a shipwreck, he has washed ashore, and left unconscious. When he wakes up, Gulliver sees that the Lilliputians have tied him to a frame of wood and are pulling him by fifteen hundred horses. They have to do this in order to move him, as they are only 15cm tall.
Thus, option "D" is correct.
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Personification.
Rubs is the key word because smoke can't really rub things like a human, so it's personifying human behavior.
Hope that helps!
:D®