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xxMikexx [17]
3 years ago
6

The indicated function y1(x is a solution of the given differential equation. use reduction of order or formula (5 in section 4.

2, y2 = y1(x e??p(x dx y 2 1 (x dx (5 as instructed, to find a second solution y2(x. xy'' y' = 0; y1 = ln x
Mathematics
1 answer:
Taya2010 [7]3 years ago
4 0
Given a solution y_1(x)=\ln x, we can attempt to find a solution of the form y_2(x)=v(x)y_1(x). We have derivatives

y_2=v\ln x
{y_2}'=v'\ln x+\dfrac vx
{y_2}''=v''\ln x+\dfrac{v'}x+\dfrac{v'x-v}{x^2}=v''\ln x+\dfrac{2v'}x-\dfrac v{x^2}

Substituting into the ODE, we get

v''x\ln x+2v'-\dfrac vx+v'\ln x+\dfrac vx=0
v''x\ln x+(2+\ln x)v'=0

Setting w=v', we end up with the linear ODE

w'x\ln x+(2+\ln x)w=0

Multiplying both sides by \ln x, we have

w' x(\ln x)^2+(2\ln x+(\ln x)^2)w=0

and noting that

\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\left[x(\ln x)^2\right]=(\ln x)^2+\dfrac{2x\ln x}x=(\ln x)^2+2\ln x

we can write the ODE as

\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\left[wx(\ln x)^2\right]=0

Integrating both sides with respect to x, we get

wx(\ln x)^2=C_1
w=\dfrac{C_1}{x(\ln x)^2}

Now solve for v:

v'=\dfrac{C_1}{x(\ln x)^2}
v=-\dfrac{C_1}{\ln x}+C_2

So you have

y_2=v\ln x=-C_1+C_2\ln x

and given that y_1=\ln x, the second term in y_2 is already taken into account in the solution set, which means that y_2=1, i.e. any constant solution is in the solution set.
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