Answer:<em> Negative externality is defined as the cost that is incurred by a individual who isn't involved in the economic transaction.</em>
In the above question, the following is the example of negative externality: <u><em>smoking harms the health of nonsmokers who are nearby.</em></u>
Here, the cost is incurred by the nonsmokers who are standing nearby individuals who prefer smoking. Thus creating negative externality.
<u><em>Therefore, the correct option is (c)</em></u>
Explanation:
Primary market for securities is one that provides access to buy new new issues of stocks and bonds of a company. A good example of primary market is an Initial Public Offering (IPO), organized by a company that wants to sell it's shares for the first time to investors.
While Secondary market, are places to sell securities to a secondary (second) buyer from the current security owner who bought from the primary market.
The primary market is dependent on the secondary market since it is the demand from the secondary market that determines the asset valuation of the primary market.
Answer:
(D) is the same and output is lower than in the original long-run equilibrium.
Explanation:
In the long term the prices are flexible. They adapt to the new situation of a decrease in the demand. This is consistent with with a lower output, consecuences of the decreasing in the demand.
<h2>Every country operate in a different yet similar system of both political and social affairs.</h2>
Explanation:
Every country operate in a different yet similar system of both political and social affairs. In terms of political differences, some countries have parliamentary governments while some countries like the US have presidential governments.
Regardless of how each country operate politically, most of the operational system of these countries are embedded in democracy and the general welfare of its citizens. The differences occur because of these operational systems of each country. They could differ in policies, reforms or laws which are based on the interests of its people and the nation.
In economic terms, the differences occur when governments prioritize what economic policies or model they choose to implement. Economic systems of a country change according to the need of the times. For instance, China initially, after its independence, chose to remain a closed economy until it reformed its policies in 1978 to finally open up the country.
Legal systems of countries differ from one another as every country use a civil law system based on its cultural, social, political and historical circumstances. For instance, in US each state has the power to establish its own legal procedures while in some country, every state must follow a uniform civil code.
As we know the political economy refers to both the political and economic systems of a country, management practice of national differences is important to taken into account before securing economic relations with another country. Management practice of national differences helps in finding favorable economic and political systems around the world for a country to make both economic and political partnership with.
