Technically, no, it is false that China has finally halted the spread of the Gobi Desert by planting trees, since although they are currently using this tactic, it has not led to a full "halt".
Of commodities that contributed to the expansion of the global economy in the 19th century include: Opium produced in the Middle East or South Asia and exported to China. Cotton grown in South Asia, Egypt, the Caribbean, or North America and exported to Great Britain and other European countries.
Or
A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the concept of the civilizing mission, and the desire to religiously convert indigenous populations.
Your answer is Greek and Roman hope this helps
The answer is Black Death