Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: If an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. He said that change is made by what the organisms want or need. For example, Lamarck believed that elephants all used to have short trunks. When there was no food or water that they could reach with their short trunks, they stretched their trunks to reach the water and branches, and their offspring inherited long trunks. Lamarck also said that body parts that are not being used, such as the human appendix and little toes are gradually disappearing. Eventually, people will be born without these parts. Lamarck also believed that evolution happens according to a predetermined plan and that the results have already been decided. Lamarcks theory has been disproven and shows that acquired traits are not passed on to offspring.
Answer:
Nonsense mutation: it causes a premature stop codon, so the protein cannot be fully synthesized.
Missense mutation: it causes change on the aminoacid encoded, so it can cause a change in the protein structure if the new aminoacid doesn't have the same chemichal properties as the original.
Synonymous (silent) mutation: it causes no change, the same aminoacid is encoded.
Single nucleotide insertion or deletion: changes the entire structure of the protein because it shifts the reading frame.
Three nucleotide deletion: one aminoacid will no longer be part of the protein, if this aminoacid was located, for example, on the active site of an enzyme, the protein could lose its function.
Chromosomal translocation: it can break a gene in two, causing the protein to no longer be able to be synthesized, or it can change the transcription regulation because it is now under the effect of other regulating sites that result in a different transcription pattern.
Answer:
transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss. carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection.
Explanation:
<span>
Autolysis is a process by which a biological cell self-destructs. It is
uncommon in adult organisms and usually occurs in injured cells or
dying tissue. It occurs when a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes out
of its membranes. The cell then, in effect, digests itself. The effect
of autolysis is usually lessened in organelles separated from a cell
using cell fractionation, usually by keeping the organelle in the same
conditions it was in before removal; usually keeping organelles as
'ice-cold isotonic buffers'.
while Apoptosis(pronounced ă-pŏp-tŏ’sĭs, apo tō' sis) is a form of
programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. It is one of the main
types of programmed cell death (PCD) and involves a series of
biochemical events leading to a characteristic cell morphology and
death, in more specific terms, a series of biochemical events that lead
to a variety of morphological changes, including blebbing, changes to
the cell membrane such as loss of membrane asymmetry and attachment,
cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and
chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Processes of disposal of cellular debris
whose results do not damage the organism differentiates apoptosis from
necrosis. </span>
