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n200080 [17]
3 years ago
9

List the four classes of biological macromolecules. Then describe the basic structural components of each macromolecule class an

d the function of each class within the body.
Biology
1 answer:
salantis [7]3 years ago
4 0

The four classes of biological macromolecules are (1) Proteins, (2) Lipids, (3) Carbohydrates, (4) Nucleic Acids.


Proteins are made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They have multiple functions, depending on the number of amino acids and its specific sequence. They serve as major workers composing motor and structural elements in the cell. They can also function as catalytic proteins (enzymes), as well as helpers for storage, signal, transport, reception, defensive, and contractile tasks.


Lipids are made up of fatty acids (a carboxylic acid with a hydrocarbon chain + terminal carboxyl group) and glycerols (organic compound made up of multiple hydroxyl groups). They are a hydrophobic compound that are used for energy storage, thermal insulation, protection, and chemical messengers. Lipids also regulate membrane permeability and aid in fat soluble vitamin production.


Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides which build up a polysaccharide (carbohydrates). Monosaccharides are basic sugars which cannot be broken down anymore by water (glucose, fructose, galactose). Carbohydrates' major functions include energy provision, blood glucose regulation, biological processes recognition, and breakdown of fatty acids for ketosis prevention.


Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides which are organic molecules that forms the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). Their structure consists of a nitrogenous base, pentose, and an attached phosphate group. The function of nucleic acids are the creation and storage of genetic information.

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In pea plants, long stems are dominant to short stems, purple flowers are dominant to white, and round peas are dominant to wrin
meriva

Assuming the genes are not linked nor interacting with each other, the expected number of long stemmed plants with purple flowers, producing wrinkled peas, L-P-rr, is 288.

<h3>Available data</h3>

  • long stems are dominant to short stems
  • purple flowers are dominant to white,
  • round peas are dominant to wrinkled

  • Each trait is determined by a single, different gene.

  • A heter0zyg0us plant is self-crossed
  • F1) 2,048 descendants

Let us name te alleles as follows

  • L ⇒ Long stem
  • l ⇒ Short stem
  • P ⇒ Purple flowers
  • p ⇒ white flowers
  • R ⇒ Round peas
  • r ⇒ wrinkled peas

Cross) heter0zyg0us plant is self-crossed

Parental) LlPpRr

Gametes) LPR, LPr, LpR, Lpr, lPR, lPr, lpR, lpr

Assuming that these genes are not linked nor interacting with each other, to make the calcs easier we will make crosses considering each gene separately.

  • Stems

Parental) Ll  x  Ll

F1) 1/4 LL, 2/4 Ll, 1/4 ll

     <u>3/4 long stem,</u> 1/4 short stem

  • Flower color

Parental) Pp  x  Pp

F1) 1/4 PP, 2/4 Pp, 1/4 pp

     <u>3/4 purple flowers</u>, 1/4 white flowers

  • Peas

Parental) Rr  x  Rr

F1) 1/4 RR, 2/4 Rr, 1/4 rr

     3/4 round peas, <u>1/4 wrinkled peas</u>

Now, we will get the proportion of individuals with long stems, purple flowers, producing wrinkled peas, L-P-rr

<u><em>Note</em></u><em>: The symbol - is representing either a dominant or a recessive allele.</em>

From the crosses, we know that

  • 3/4 are long stemmed,
  • 3/4 have purple flowers, and
  • 1/4 have wrinkled peas.

To get the proportion of individuals expressing all these traits together, we just need to multiply these values.

3/4 L- x 3/4 P- x 1/4 rr =<u> 9/64 L-P-rr</u>

Knowing that  the total number of plants is 2,048 and that there are 64 possible gametes combinations from this cross, we will use the proportion 9/64 to get the number of plants with these traits.

64 ------------- 2,048 plants

9 -------------- X = (9 x 2048) / 64 = 288 plants.

<em>We expect to find 288 long stemmed plants with purple flowers, producing wrinkled peas.</em>

<em />

<em />

You will learn more about trihybrid crosses at

brainly.com/question/21942441

brainly.com/question/7333760

brainly.com/question/6764853

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Which of the following statements is true for a eukaryotic cell?
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Using complete sentences, compare and contrast the terms living and biotic. In your response, illustrate using examples and appr
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How is the heat energy required to warm the body created?
jeka94
<span>I think its made of  food oxidation.</span>
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Found on the capillary walls, a _______ breaks down the chylomicrons and removes triglyceride, breaking it into free fatty acids
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<span> A.) lipoprotein lipase is your answer</span>
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