In the book he wrote, Equiano displayed his belief that free blacks often suffered worse conditions than slaves. In the W<span>est Indies, he met a free black </span>man<span> whose name was Joseph </span>Clipson<span>. </span>Clipson's<span> story was the basis of his realization. </span>Clipson<span> had freedom but was aggressively spoken to by a Bermuda captain who insisted that </span>Clipson<span> was a slave and that he had to take him to Jamaica. </span>Clipson protested but he was ignored and was forced to go aboard the captain's ship. Equiano wrote on his book that he had thought only slavery was dreadful, but the condition of a free negro was just as equally so. Their freedom was minimal and they lived in fear of constant abuses. There were no courts to listen to them and no law would protect their properties. When Equiano became a free black, he also encountered the same situation. Free blacks lived in an uncertain middle ground between slavery and freedom.<span> </span>
Marbury v. Madison strengthened the federal judiciary by establishing for it the power of judicial review, by which the federal courts could declare legislation, as well as executive and administrative actions, inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution (“unconstitutional”) and therefore null and void. The U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. ... Marbury sued the new secretary of state, James Madison, in order to obtain his commission.
The significance of Marbury v. Madison was that it was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply "Judicial Review", and it allowed the Supreme Court to rule laws unconstitutional. Which U.S. activity led the nation to get involved in the war between Britain and France when it broke out in 1803. Hope this helps
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After independence, most South American Countries were taken over by conservative landowners identified as '<em>caudillos</em>.' The <em>Caudillos who </em>filled and assumed power vacuum left behind by the colonial regimes of Spain and Portugal. This led to a strong rise of a dictatorship along with periods of instability and gross inequality between powerful elites and disfranchised masses which have characterized most South American countries since independence.
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It helped develope a multi-system trade route to different Roman citys
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