Basic charged atomic particles are electrons (negatively charged) and protons (positively charged). It is a particle on an atomic scale that is charged
Absorption is when the root absorbs water from the soil and transfers it through the xylem. Transpiration is when the water leaves the leaf surface. The water reaches the leaves through xylem
Cancer cells are the best target to amplify the most within first 2 hours. Highly oncogenic retroviruses are recombinants of viral and host genes.
Retroviruses are viruses with RNA rather than DNA in their genomes that infect cancer cells. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that is used to integrate into the DNA of the host cells. It is enhanced to a greater extent the more cell replication takes place. More retroviruses are then produced by the cell, infecting further cells. Many diseases, including AIDS and various types of cancer, are linked to retroviruses.
Low-incidence cancer-causing retroviruses lack inserted host information. Instead, it seems that they alter the expression of potentially carcinogenic host genes, which in turn results in cancer. Retroviruses incorporate proviral DNA into the chromosomal DNA of their host during the course of their regular life cycle. Integrations take place across numerous locations. Although most integrations are benign, some can cause cancer. Many of these seem to encode tyrosine phosphorylating protein kinases.
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The answer is D. Chromosomes contain genes, and genes are made of DNA
