A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
Answer:
a. retained in the pyruvate
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate, releasing a modest amount of energy captured in two substrate-level phosphorylations and one oxidation reaction.
Following are the important enzymes in it :
- Hexokinase
- Phosphofructokinase
- Pyruvate kinase
Aerobic glycolysis yields 2ATP/glucose plus 2NADH/glucose but most of the energy is retained in pyruvate which is then converted into Acetyl-CoA and enters the kreb's cycle.
Answer:
Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body. They are specialised to carry oxygen because they: contain large quantities of a protein called haemoglobin , which can bind oxygen. don't have a nucleus, so there is more room for haemoglobin.
Explanation:
According to the preface to The Pluto Files, what best describes the information the book will include a record of Pluto's rise and fall as a planet. The said book was originally published last January 26, 2009 by the author <span>Neil deGrasse Tyson.</span>
Answer:
Rocks
Explanation:
Geo means “earth.” The Earth’s geosphere (sometimes called the lithosphere) is the part of the Earth that includes all the rocks, minerals and landforms of the surface and interior that make up the Earth. It starts at the ground and extends all the way down to Earth’s core.
