Northern and Eastern migration: It was the relocation to cities of the West, Midwest and North due to unpleasant segregation laws and unsatisfactory economic opportunities which resulted in the movement of blacks to head north, where industrial workers were needed.

Bantu Migration: The reasons for the Bantu migrations were:

• Dried state of the Sahara grasslands which resulted into people that practiced agriculture to move in search of water and fertile land for farming.

• Increase in population which created pressure on resources causing movement in search for new land.

• Tribal wars resulted in defeated tribes to relocate for safety.

• Expansion of their iron-working after its discovery also caused migration.

The effects of Bantu migration include positive and negative effects. Positive effects include:

• Introduction of iron working

• Increase in food production.

• Introduction of new crops such as bananas and yams.

Negative effects include:

• Depopulation which was due to constant attacks for land by the Bantu against people in East Africa.

• Loss of culture: The loss of culture was a result of cultural absorption and intermarriage with other tribes.

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