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Answer:
Thesis statement.
Explanation:
An argumentative writing can be defined as an expression of a writer's position (stance) on a subject matter or topic. Therefore, when writers engage in an argument or write an argumentative essay, they make use of a claim to state or express their opinions about the subject matter or topic.
A claim can be defined as a statement that is used by a writer to prove, substantiate or support an argument. Thus, a claim is an assertive statement expressed by a writer to prove that an argument is true or real.
This ultimately implies that, when writers engage in an argument or write an argumentative essay, they make use of a claim to state or express their opinions about the subject matter or topic.
Also, a thesis statement is a brief, concise summary of a claim or main idea stated in a literary work. It is usually written at the conclusion (tail end) of an introduction in an article.
Hence, a thesis statement is another term for claim in argumentative writing.
Answer:
The revolutions of 1989 resulted in the end of Communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.
Hope that helps
The United States end the negotiations with France during the XYZ Affair because French officials demanded that the United States pay bribes.
The XYZ Affair was an incident in 1978, involving US envoys to France and un-named French diplomats who identified themselves as X, Y, and Z. They demanded substantial bribes and payments from the US envoys in exchange for ceasing of French hostility to US merchant ships as a result of the US entrance into the Jay treaty with Great Britain.
