He meant it as master or perfect race.
1. The conquest of Constantinople(1204) by occurred in April 1204 and marked the climax of the Fourth Crusade. Mutinous Crusader armies captured, looted, and destroyed parts of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia or the Latin Occupation) was established.
2. Siege of Nicaea - The Siege of Nicaea took place from May 14 to June 19, 1097, during the First Crusade. They defeated the Turkish defenders and sacked the city May 21, 1097. Byzantine Emperor Alexios I had instructed Boutoumites to secretly negotiate the surrender of the city without the crusaders' knowledge
3. The Fall of Constantinople- The Fall of Constantinople took place 1453, at the time one of the most heavily fortified cities in the world. Constantinople was taken over by Ottoman Turks, led by their leader Sultan Mehmed II. This led to the creation of the Ottoman Empire and marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating back to 27 CE, which had lasted 1500 years .
4. Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade -On Nov. 27, 1095, giving one of the most influential speeches of the Middle Ages, Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade. He calls all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
a crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East extending from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Persian Gulf. It was the center of the Neolithic development of agriculture (from 7000 bc), and the cradle of the Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian civilizations
While there are no options, some of the characteristic is that the economy of the North was based on industries, and currently on technology as well.
The North became an early leader in industrialization because of its fast moving rivers. In addition, its soils and climate was not favorable for agriculture. The settlement of large number of people in the area also served to stimulate commerce.
Many printers continue to publish and sell pamphlets with near impunity
