In diseases, similar patterns of mutations in harmless genes may possibly be a cause or an effect of the disease. To investigate if it is a cause, it is worth looking into the proteins synthesized by the gene and whether it’s structure or functionality is affected by the pattern observed. It is also worth looking into the downstream effects possibly caused by the pattern in the gene. The gene may encode a non coding region which could affect post transcriptional splicing for example.
Answer: D. some components of the cycle are used as building blocks for certain anabolic pathways.
Explanation:
The citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle is the part of the cellular respiration. It is a sequence of chemical reaction which is used by all the aerobic organisms so as to store energy by the process of acetyl CoA oxidation derived by the process of fats, proteins and carbohydrates into forms like carbon dioxide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The acetyl CoA is used in the process of synthesis of fatty acids. The citrate is used for the synthesis of cholestrol. The oxaloacetate and alpha ketogluterate are used for the synthesis of aminoacids. Succinyl CoA is used for the synthesis of poryphrins and fatty acids.
Answer: Water moved from inside the red blood cell into the salt water.
This is because of the osmotic difference between the salt solution and the red blood cell. This means that there is difference in the solute (salt) concentration inside the red blood cell and the salt solution.
Explanation: The salt concentration in the solution is higher than the salt concentration inside the red blood cell, that is, the red blood cell has more water concentration that the salt solution, therefore there will be movement of water from the inside of the red blood cell into the salt solution thereby causing the red blood cell to reduce in size. The movement of water from the red blood cell into the salt solution is to create a balance between the water concentration in the two environments, hence the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low solvent concentration across the selectively permeable membrane of the red blood cell.