Chordates
Chordates have the 4 unique characteristics, postanal tail, notorchord, pharyngeal gill slits and dorsal-hollow nerve cord. Lancelets is the group of chordates that has a notochord and includes separate males and females.
Lancelet exhibits the four basic characteristics of phylum Chordata. It has a dorsal nerve, a notochord, a post annul tail, and pharyngiall gill slit.
Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish have notochord when they were still young but it was replaced by a vertebral column as they mature.
<span>Lancelets are included in the subphylum cephalochordata. Cephalochordates are gonochoristics. It means that the sexes are separate. Both sperm and eggs cells are released in the water where fertilization occurs.</span>
Answer:
The correct answer is option d.
Explanation:
An illustration of epigenetic change is a microbe, which can stimulate modifications in the host DNA, causing suppression of defenses or weakening of individual cells. Epigenetic changes modify the physical composition of DNA.
One of the examples of epigenetic change is DNA methylation. DNA methylation refers to the supplementation of methyl group, which inhibits some of the genes from getting expressed. One of the conditions of DNA methylation is cancer.
In the majority of cancer, the tumor cells go through global hypomethylation. The tumor suppressed genes seem to turn highly methylated in the conditions of cancer.
con·front
/kənˈfrənt/
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verb
meet (someone) face to face with hostile or argumentative intent.
The blood osmotic pressure of marine teleosts is about <u>600</u> mOsm <u>higher </u>than the environmental osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure is the minimal pressure required to prevent the inward flow of a solution's pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. It is also described as the measure of a solution's capacity to take a pure solvent through osmosis.
All freshwater organisms maintain hyperosmotic blood osmotic pressures in fresh water. Blood osmotic pressure in freshwater teleosts is 300 mOsm higher than freshwater osmotic pressure.
Teleost is most hyposmotic to seawater. Because marine teleosts are hyposmotic to saltwater, they experience osmotic loss of water and NaCl diffusional gain through the gill.
Learn more about osmotic pressure here: <u>brainly.com/question/10046758</u>
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The Electron Transport Chain
You are familiar with the electron transport system in photosynthesis that takes light energy and converts it to chemical bond energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This electron transport chain in cellular respiration will take the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 during the Krebs cycle and convert it to chemical bond energy in the form of ATP. In eukaryotes, this reaction takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Prokaryotes that undergo aerobic respiration also have an electron transport chain located within their plasma membrane, which may be highly folded similar to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
