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Andreas93 [3]
3 years ago
13

What are some sources of oxygen

Biology
2 answers:
Nastasia [14]3 years ago
7 0
Some sources of oxygen is through plants and their way to create food through photosynthesis and the decomposition of dead plant and animal material.
Tatiana [17]3 years ago
4 0
Trees, plants, oxygen tank
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How do temperature and concentration of monounsaturated phospholipids change the rate at which molecules permeate the plasma mem
Nikitich [7]

Answer: At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and it favors fluidity. The higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable).

Explanation:

The plasma membrane is a lipid layer that delimits the entire cell, dividing the extracellular medium from the intracellular (the cytoplasm of a cell). They are composed of phospholipids, which are molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group and two lipid chains (such as fatty acids). Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that functions as the backbone of this membrane. A geometry is formed that allows the phospholipids to line up side by side to form broad sheets. They are insoluble in water, but their unique geometry causes them to aggregate in layers without any energy input, as they possess a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of the two fatty acid chains. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids in a bilayer membrane face outward and are in contact with the aqueous fluid inside and outside the cell. Because water is a polar molecule, it readily forms electrostatic (charge-based) interactions with the phospholipid heads.

Selective permeability is a property of the plasma membrane and other semipermeable membranes that allow only certain particles to pass through them. In this way,<u> those particles that are needed by the cell can enter the cell and those that are not useful to the cell are prevented from entering</u>. In the same way, the cell can eliminate the particles it has produced as waste. In this way, the entry and exit of substances through the membrane is regulated and the correct functioning of the cell is achieved.

For a particle to be able to cross the plasma membrane it must have a size equal to or smaller than the pores of the membrane, it must have the opposite charge to the charge of the membrane or simply have a neutral charge, and if it is larger than the pores it must be dissolved in a solution, decreasing its size and thus be able to enter the cell through the membrane.  

Plasma membranes are fluid and this fluidity depends on their lipid composition and temperature. Depending on the temperature, membrane lipids can be found in two different states or phases: gel (solid-like, with more rigid hydrocarbon chains) and liquid crystal (more fluid, with more mobile hydrocarbon chains). At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and in these conditions the increase of its concentration favors fluidity. The temperature at which the transition from one state to the other occurs is the phase transition temperature (Tc). At values below Tc, the bilayer is in the gel state and at higher values it passes to the liquid crystal. It should be noted that there is an equilibrium between the gel state and the liquid crystal state and that the characteristics of the lipids of the bilayer condition the transition temperature. In the case of bilayers consisting of only one type of lipid, the Tc is well defined. But biological membranes are complex lipid mixtures and the transition from one state to another occurs over a range of temperatures. The presence of short-chain or unsaturated fatty acids reduces the transition temperature, while saturated fatty acids and the increase in the length of the hydrocarbon chains cause this temperature to rise. <u>Then, phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind as tightly due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, a membrane of unsaturated phospholipids remains fluid at lower temperatures than a membrane of saturated phospholipids</u>.  

The fluidity of a membrane is the ability of a molecule to move through it.<u> In short, the higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable) the membrane will be even at low temperatures</u>. However, <u>at low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases (lower permeability) but the effect will depend on the composition of the fatty acids</u>. To determine the exact permeability, it is necessary to relate the concentration of unsaturated bonds and the length of the fatty acids in the phospholipids and the temperature.

8 0
3 years ago
Dhjdikejrenrnnsnwdndnwnwj
bezimeni [28]

Where’s the article?

I can’t tell what it’s about from the answers

6 0
2 years ago
I need help with number 1 and 2
stepan [7]

Answer:

Read the Explanation below.

Explanation:

1. I agree with the claim because you can see overall there is no difference in plant growth or variation if a plant has 30 ml of water or none at all.

2. I would measure the change in growth over a greater period of time to get a more accurate data set.

5 0
2 years ago
Mutation is a random and non-adaptive process. This was first proven by:
s2008m [1.1K]

Answer:

Option (d).

Explanation:

Mutation may be defined as the sudden, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of the organism. Mutation may occur due to the errors in DNA replication or may occurs due to the mutagens.

Joshua and Lederberg experiment explains that mutation is the non adaptive and random process that occur in the organism. He used the replica plating of E.coli and grows them on streptomycin drug. The bacteria was grown on the the primary plate and they are transferred to the secondary plate with streptomycin drug in the growth environment. The resistant strain of bacteria grows in the streptomycin environment.The pattern of bacteria growth on the plate explained that mutation occurs randomly and it is a non adaptive process.

Thus, the correct answer is option (d).

4 0
3 years ago
Genetic disorders caused by multiple genes interacting with the environment are called
Elan Coil [88]

Multifactorial disorder

Multifactorial disorders are disorders that involve variations in multiple genes joined with environmental causes. Diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are multifactorial disorder as they do not have single genetic cause but are caused by a combination of environmental factors and life style with mutations in multiple genes.






3 0
3 years ago
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