African Slavery in America is an essay Thomas Paine wrote in 1774 that was published in the <em>Pennyslvania Journal and the Weekly Advertiser </em>on March 8, 1775.
Hope that helps! :)<em> </em>
The freedmen, who wanted autonomy and independence, refused to sign contracts that required gang labor, and sharecropping emerged as a compromise. ... In exchange for the use of land, a cabin, and supplies, sharecroppers agreed to raise a cash crop and give a portion, usually 50 percent, of the crop to their landlord
Churches
Churches such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church became the training ground for generations of African American leaders. Churches provided vital preparation for generations of African activists and leaders including Martin Luther and Jesse Jackson as they were able to minister and champion the rights of African Americans
I think that alternative sanctions are necessary and have a positive impact on society. Some alternate sanctions include boot camp and rehabilitation, which I think are beneficial. Alternative sanctions can punish/help a person without the cost of sending him/her to a prison.