Many invertebrate animals cant survive in water that has been polluted and resulted in a lowering of oxygen concentration so the presence or absence indicates the extent to which a body of water is polluted.
Lichens can be used to indicate air pollution as they grow exposed to places such us rocks and tree barks. They need to be efficient at absorbing water and nutrients to grow there. Rain water contains enough nutrients to keep them alive. Air pollutants dissolve in rain water especially sulfur dioxide can damage lichens and prevent them from growing. This makes them a natural indicator of air pollution.
explain how invertebrates can be used to monitor water pollution?
According to research by entomologist and hydrologist, invertebrates such as insects (dragonflies, stone flies) are used as an indicator to know whether a water body is clean fro consumption or not. The presence of these insects validates such water body to be fit while the presence of some insects indicates decay and pollution of such water body. Polluted water body serves as a breeding site for insects such as anopheles
Genes<span> are distinct portions of an organism’s </span>DNA<span> that correspond with a specific trait, while </span>alleles<span> are different versions of a given </span>gene<span>. </span>
<em>The P wave</em><em> represents the atrial depolarization (sum of the right and left atriums) and the atrial contraction.</em> In normal circumstances, the P wave is smooth and rounded (<2.5 mm) and no more than 0.12 seconds in duration. It's the first positive deflection (you can see this in the image I added)
<em>QRS complex</em> can include the Q wave, R wave, and S wave, but there are exceptions. <em>It represents the electrical impulse through the ventricles causing the ventricular depolarization.</em> <em>Its amplitude is the largest because ventricles are the chambers with the largest mass in the heart </em>and it has a duration of 0.06-0.10 seconds in adults.
<em>The T wave</em> is the positive deflection that follows the QRS complex, it represents the ventricular repolarization. It is slightly asymmetric (peak closer to its end). Normally this wave follows the QRS complex's direction, if this doesn't happen, it's reflecting a cardiac pathology.