The issues are "Navies and fishing rights on the Great Lakes".
Hope this helps !
Photon
Answer: C is correct (overthrow any government that in not a democracy).
Explanation: Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 by United Nations (not signed by all the member states of UN) attributed to humans/citizens many human and civil rights. Respecting these rights means rejecting whatever sort of of undemocratic government. Countries like Czechoslovakia, USSR or South Africa did not sign (for obvious reasons).
Answer: D, checks and balances
Explanation: took the test!
Rene Descartes was a key figure in the scientific revolution and had some stuff to do with math so probably him ( don't hold me to that and check other peoples answers)