They followed the lines of ancient glaciers. They were defined by large farms and grasslands. They followed the system of rivers, canals, and dams. They were naturally defined by deserts, mountains, and seas.
I think that Louis XIV oversaw three of the following which are colonization in the West Indies ;exploration and colonization in North America ;and establishment of a strong monarchy except letter A. Coronation of the Duc du Maine.
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The treaty of Versailles and the economic consequences of its terms were a significant concern and added to Germany's humiliation. It also forced Germany to pay a huge sum in reparations, which it couldn't afford setting it back behind every other nation during that time.