Yes, Chemical reactions occur slower at lower temperatures and faster at higher temperatures. When you put a glow stick in cold water, the chemical reaction slows down but will last for a longer period of time. When you put a glow stick in hot water, the reaction speeds up but will be over quicker.
Not sure about the variable one though, sorry!
They are nutritious and one of the smallest food supply, which starts the chain. It also is the end of the chain, wher it grows where life decomposes.
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission; they can also exchange genetic material by transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
Mature DNA cells do NOT contain DNA.