Cities, Compared to Europe Italy had many cities.
Iroquois beliefs included a conception of life as a struggle between the forces of good and evil. The "All-Father," and all embracing deity, had no form and little contact of the humans. Spirits animated all of nature and controlled the changing of the season. Key festivals coincided with the major events of the agricultural calendar.
The federalist papers make the case for a federal system in the U.S. This would create a strong central government that is checked by state and local governments. The main idea is that people are inherently fractious and no ones faction should gain complete power.
Also, by allowing different layers of government, people are both involved and also there is a balance of power.
Opposed to the federalism, where people who only wanted states to have power and really no central government. This was refuted by the federalist as causing weakness in countries especially in the foreign affairs.