Mucus in our noses and respiratory tracts trap microbes and pathogens from entering our body. Wax also trap pathogens and other foreign particles from entering our ears. Non-specific defenses are surface coverage defenses. T-cells target specific pathogens, which is a type of specific defense acted upon by our immune system.
Natural selection is the differential survival and
reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It provides a
viable explanation for adaptation and speciation as it explains the change in
heritable traits characteristic of a population over time. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt
to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring. Natural
selection can change a species in small ways, causing a population to change
color or size over the course of several generations. Given enough time and
enough accumulated changes, natural selection can create entirely new species. It
can turn dinosaurs into birds, amphibious mammals into whales and the ancestors
of apes into humans.
A potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration that's proportional to water uptake. Transpiration cannot be measured directly as some of the water will be used in photosynthesis.
The definition of homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes. DNA contains the genes of a person therefore making itself a homology.
I hope this helped you hon :)