Answer:
There are five major ethical guidelines given by American Psychological Association for conducting research study.
Explanation:
The first version of the ethical guidelines was adopted in 1952 and was published in 1953 by the APA (American Psychological Association). It was over one-hundred seventy pages in length.
The APA'S ethics code instructed the psychologists for informing the participants about the terms and condition while conducting the research. These includes:
1. The motive or purpose of research.
2. Procedure and expected duration.
3. Right to decline at any time during the research.
4. consequences.
Ethical guidelines include:
1. Respect privacy and confidentiality.
2. Follow informed consent rules.
3. To be conscious of various roles.
4. Tap into ethics resources.
5. Discuss intellectual property openly.
Answer:Sociological research is especially important with respect to public policy debates. The political controversies that surround the question of how best to respond to terrorism and violent crime are difficult to resolve at the level of political rhetoric. Often, in the news and in public discourse, the issue is framed in moral terms and therefore, for example, the policy alternatives get narrowed to the option of either being “tough” or “soft” on crime. Tough and soft are moral categories that reflect a moral characterization of the issue. A question framed by these types of moral categories cannot be resolved using evidence-based procedures. Posing the debate in these terms narrows the range of options available and undermines the ability to raise questions about what responses to crime actually work.
In fact policy debates over terrorism and crime seem especially susceptible to the various forms of specious, unscientific reasoning described later in this chapter. The story of the isolated individual, whose specific act of violence becomes the basis for the belief that the criminal justice system as a whole has failed, illustrates several qualities of unscientific thinking: knowledge based on casual observation, knowledge based on over-generalization, and knowledge based on selective evidence. The sociological approach to policy questions is essentially different since it focuses on examining the effectiveness of different social control strategies for addressing different types of violent behaviour and the different types of risk to public safety. Thus, from a sociological point of view, it is crucial to think systematically about who commits violent acts and why.
Although moral claims and opinions are of interest to sociologists, sociological researchers use empirical evidence (that is, evidence corroborated by direct experience and/or observation) combined with the scientific method to deliver sound sociological research. A truly scientific sociological study of the social causes that lead to terrorist or criminal violence would involve a sequence of prescribed steps: defining a specific research question that can be answered through empirical observation; gathering information and resources through detailed observation; forming a hypothesis; testing the hypothesis in a reproducible manner; analyzing and drawing conclusions from the data; publishing the results; and anticipating further development when future researchers respond to and re-examine the findings.
Explanation: The major factors responsible for these experimentations had earlier being revealed and portrayed.
<span>Cooperative federalism (according to PLATO)
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After the French-Indian War, an Ottawa chief named Pontiac<span> went to other Indians along the Ohio River Valley to start a </span>rebellion <span>because the British traders were on the land where the Indians lived.</span>
It's Usually Referred To As The "Mid West"
