Answer:
Explanation:
Homeostasis works by creating the opposite effect in order to counteract a change in the body. One of these effects is blood coagulation. This means that blood is thickened and hardened in order to stop blood flow when there is a cut, open wound, or internal bleeding. Hemophilia on the other hand completely prevents blood from coagulating which makes the homeostasis process obsolete. Without blood coagulation, an individual can bleed to death from any small cut which is usually non-life-threatening.
Answer:
In the initial stages of digestion of food, the stomach performs an essential role. Apart from doing churning and squeezing the food bolus, it also discharges an amalgamation of compounds, together called gastric juice. It comprises mucus, water, pepsin, HCl, and intrinsic factor. Of these five constituents, the principal enzyme that takes part in the digestion of protein is pepsin.
It dissociates proteins into amino acids and smaller peptides, which can easily get captivated within the small intestine. This pepsin is released in its sedentary form, or zymogen form called pepsinogen by the chief cells present within the gastric lining. It is released in its sedentary form by the stomach, by this the stomach inhibits the auto-digestion of defensive proteins in the digestive tract's lining.
Answer:
The correct answer is: Immunosenescence.
Explanation:
- Immunosenescence can be defined as a biological age-related phenomenon due to which the cells of the immune system are unable to function efficiently with increase in age.
- As a result of this the aged individuals becomes susceptible to various infections and diseases.
- This happens because of the following reasons:
- The immune cells are formed from the progenitor cells called the Hematopoetic Stem Cells (HSCs) which are abundantly found in the bone marrow. These cells have the capacity of self-renewal and also differentiation into various types of immune cells. Due to aging, these cells accumulate large number of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that that causes oxidative damage to the DNA. Also, with age the telomere (the repititive DNA sequence located at the chromosome terminal that protects the end of the chromosome from undergoing recombination or fusion with other chromosomes) length shortens resulting in the generation of damage in DNA. All these reduces the self renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells.
- Other cells of the immune system like, the white blood cells, anti-body producing B-cells, cytotoxicity inducing T-cells, natural killer cells also accumulate similar DNA degrading components. This reduces their life time and also the efficiency of their activity.
Answer:
Auatmosphere-the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the air. Notes: The energy provided by the sun influences global patterns in atmospheric movement by the fact that the sun's energy(which is thermal energy; heat) heats up the air, water, and land which effects the wind in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
The scientific theory contains many steps. It could also be known as a hypothesis. Hope this is helpful
