Answer:
Hybridization may drive rare taxa to extinction through genetic swamping, where the rare form is replaced by hybrids, or by demographic swamping, where population growth rates are reduced due to the wasteful production of maladaptive hybrids. Conversely, hybridization may rescue the viability of small, inbred populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to destructive versus constructive outcomes of hybridization is key to managing conservation concerns. Here, we survey the literature for studies of hybridization and extinction to identify the ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors that critically affect extinction risk through hybridization. We find that while extinction risk is highly situation dependent, genetic swamping is much more frequent than demographic swamping. In addition, human involvement is associated with increased risk and high reproductive isolation with reduced risk. Although climate change is predicted to increase the risk of hybridization‐induced extinction, we find little empirical support for this prediction. Similarly, theoretical and experimental studies imply that genetic rescue through hybridization may be equally or more probable than demographic swamping, but our literature survey failed to support this claim. We conclude that halting the introduction of hybridization‐prone exotics and restoring mature and diverse habitats that are resistant to hybrid establishment should be management priorities.
Explanation:
Clouds can cover up the sun, which is the natural source for heat everywhere. When the sun is not in sight, or thickly covered by clouds, this limits the suns radiation and heat waves therefore causing less light and heat.
Perimeter = 3x. Area = x^2 * sqrt(3)/4. Explanation of area:. You can divide an equilateral triangle into 2 right triangles, each with a common side we will call y.. Area = area of first right triangle + area of second right triangle = (x/2)*y/2 + (x/2)*y/2 = xy/2. Now: y^2 + (x/2)^2 = x^2 so y…
Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service
Try using demos graphs to see it. there ed is an app and a website
