Answer:
taking the pretest
Explanation:
A one-group pretest–posttest design is a type of research design generally used in behavioral research aimed at estimating the treatment effects on the sample. In this experimental design, the target group of participants is first pre-tested on the dependent variable and, subsequently, post-tested after the administration of a treatment. In consequence, the participants of the target group receive the same treatment and assessment. The problem of testing effects indicates that testing may become a problem when the pretest may change participant's behavior. When there are statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest data, it is possible to support the working hypothesis.
69 divided by 1/4 as a fraction
