If the amount of variability due to within-group differences is equal to the amount of variability due to between-group differences, your F value will be equal to one (1).
<h3>What is the F value?</h3>
In biology, the F value is a statistic used to estimate the variation level between different groups that can be explained by collected data.
The F value is used to test (either confirm or reject) a given explanation of data, which is known as the null hypothesis.
In conclusion, if the amount of variability due to within-group differences is equal to the amount of variability due to between-group differences, your F value will be equal to one (1).
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Answer: A
Explanation:
A complementary good is a product that is used together with another product. Without its complement, such a good will have little value. When there is increase in the price of a particular product, the demand of its complement reduces because consumers may not be able to use the complement on its own.
Complements have negative cross elasticity of demand i.e there is increase in the demand for a product when the price of its complement reduces. If bicycles and gasoline are complements, an increase in tax on gasoline will have a negative effect on the demand for bicycle. Due to the price increase of gasoline, less people will demand for bicycle. The initial change that will occur as a result of this is that as there is a price increase for gasoline, there will be a leftward shift in the demand for bicycle. This implies that less bicycle will be demanded for.
Answer:
A). equal to marginal revenue.
Explanation:
A perfect competition is characterized by many buyers and sellers of homogenous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.
In the long run, firms earn zero economic profit. If in the short run firms are earning economic profit, in the long run firms would enter into the industry. This would drive economic profit to zero.
Also, if in the short run, firms are earning economic loss, in the long run, firms would exit the industry until economic profit falls to zero.
Price = marginal revenue = average revenue
Given that a<span>
factory machine was purchased for $375000 on january 1, 2018. it was
estimated that it would have a $75000 salvage value at the end of its
5-year useful life. it was also estimated that the machine would be run
40000 hours in the 5 years. the company ran the machine for 4000 actual
hours in 2018.
If the company uses the units-of-activity method of
depreciation, the amount of depreciation expense for 2018 would be
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