Transposons are genetic mobile elements that move into the genome by means of cut-paste and copy-paste mechanisms. In consequence, transposons are known to produce mutations in the inserted genomic sequences.
Non-coding DNA regions have been generally assumed to be evolutionary neutral, it means that they might resist genetic polymorphisms (such as, for example, those caused by the insertion of transposon elements) and don't have direct effects on the phenotype of the organism. However, it is important to note that recent evidence supports the idea that noncoding sequences play important regulatory roles, thereby mutations in these genomic regions may have a deleterious effect on the organism.
The test statistic for this hypothesis test is - 3.68.
Explanation:
A test statistic is a random variable that is calculated from sample data and used in a hypothesis test. You can use test statistics to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. The test statistic compares your data with what is expected under the null hypothesis.
The cell signaling pathways induced by the steroid hormones regulate specific genes within the cell's DNA. The hormones and receptor complex act as transcription regulators by increasing or decreasing the synthesis of mRNA molecules from specific genes.
Steroid hormones are not able to target every cell within the body, so the overall response is slower. They bind to receptors on the cell's surface and the receptors aid in helping the steroid hormones enter the cell.
Hormones work by binding to protein receptors either inside target cells or on their plasma membranes. The binding of a steroid hormone forms a hormone-receptor complex that affects gene expression in the nucleus of the target cell.
Steroids pass into a cell's nucleus, bind to specific receptors and genes and trigger the cell to make proteins.
